-
1 маятниковое измерение
Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу > маятниковое измерение
-
2 гравиметрическая съёмка
1) Naval: establishment of gravity2) Engineering: gravitational survey, gravity prospecting survey, gravity survey, gravity-meter survey, gravitymeter survey, pendulum survey3) Oil: gravimeter survey, gravimetric survey4) Cartography: gravimetric determination, gravimetrical determination, gravimetrical survey, gravity determination, pendular measurements, pendulum determinations, pendulum measurements5) Geophysics: gravimeter observations, gravity meter observationsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > гравиметрическая съёмка
-
3 маятниковые гравиметрические измерения
Cartography: pendular measurements, pendulum determinations, pendulum measurementsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > маятниковые гравиметрические измерения
-
4 маятниковые наблюдения
Geophysics: pendulum measurements, pendulum observationsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > маятниковые наблюдения
-
5 маятниковые измерения
Geology: pendulum measurementsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > маятниковые измерения
-
6 маятниковый метод измерения
Geophysics: pendulum measurementsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > маятниковый метод измерения
-
7 Burgi, Jost
SUBJECT AREA: Horology[br]b. 28 February 1552 Lichtensteig, Switzerlandd. 31 January 1632 Kassel, Germany[br]Swiss clockmaker and mathematician who invented the remontoire and the cross-beat escapement, also responsible for the use of exponential notation and the calculation of tables of anti-logarithms.[br]Burgi entered the service of Duke William IV of Hesse in 1579 as Court Clockmaker, although he also assisted William with his astronomical observations. In 1584 he invented the cross-beat escapement which increased the accuracy of spring-driven clocks by two orders of magnitude. During the last years of the century he also worked on the development of geometrical and astronomical instruments for the Royal Observatory at Kassel.On the death of Duke Wilhelm in 1603, and with news of his skills having reached the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II, in 1604 he went to Prague to become Imperial Watchmaker and to assist in the creation of a centre of scientific activity, subsequently becoming Assistant to the German astronomer, Johannes Kepler. No doubt this association led to an interest in mathematics and he made significant contributions to the concept of decimal fractions and the use of exponential notation, i.e. the use of a raised number to indicate powers of another number. It is likely that he was developing the idea of logarithms at the same time (or possibly even before) Napier, for in 1620 he made his greatest contribution to mathematics, science and, eventually, engineering, namely the publication of tables of anti-logarithms.At Prague he continued the series of accurate clocks and instruments for astronomical measurements that he had begun to produce at Kassel. At that period clocks were very poor timekeepers since the controller, the foliot or balance, had no natural period of oscillation and was consequently dependent on the driving force. Although the force of the driving weight was constant, irregularities occurred during the transmission of the power through the train as a result of the poor shape and quality of the gearing. Burgi attempted to overcome this directly by superb craftsmanship and indirectly by using a remontoire. This device was wound at regular intervals by the main driving force and fed the power directly to the escape wheel, which impulsed the foliot. He also introduced the crossbeat escapement (a variation on the verge), which consisted of two coupled foliots that swung in opposition to each other. According to contemporary evidence his clocks produced a remarkable improvement in timekeeping, being accurate to within a minute a day. This improvement was probably a result of the use of a remontoire and the high quality of the workmanship rather than a result of the cross-beat escapement, which did not have a natural period of oscillation.Burgi or Prague clocks, as they were known, were produced by very few other makers and were supplanted shortly afterwards by the intro-duction of the pendulum clock. Burgi also produced superb clockwork-driven celestial globes.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsEnnobled 1611.BibliographyBurgi only published one book, and that was concerned with mathematics.Further ReadingL.von Mackensen, 1979, Die erste Sternwarte Europas mit ihren Instrumenten and Uhren—400 Jahre Jost Burgi in Kassel, Munich.K.Maurice and O.Mayr (eds), 1980, The Clockwork Universe, Washington, DC, pp. 87– 102.H.A.Lloyd, 1958, Some Outstanding Clocks Over 700 Years, 1250–1950, London. E.T.Bell, 1937, Men of Mathematics, London: Victor Gollancz.See also: Briggs, HenryKF / DV
См. также в других словарях:
Pendulum — This article is about pendulums. For other uses, see Pendulum (disambiguation). Simple gravity pendulum model assumes no friction or air resistance … Wikipedia
Pendulum Instruments — is a Swedish company and one of the world s leading manufacturers of scientific instruments for high resolution time and frequency measurements.Pendulum was originally created in the 1960s as the Philips time and frequency competence center.… … Wikipedia
gravitation — gravitational, adj. gravitationally, adv. /grav i tay sheuhn/, n. 1. Physics. a. the force of attraction between any two masses. Cf. law of gravitation. b. an act or process caused by this force. 2. a sinking or falling … Universalium
Louis de Freycinet — This entry should not to be confused with Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet (1828–1923), a French Prime Minister. : For the national park in Tasmania named after Louis de Freycinet, see Freycinet National Park.Louis Claude de Saulces de… … Wikipedia
Henry Foster (scientist) — Henry Foster (1796 ndash; 5 February 1831) was a British naval officer who took part in expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic and made various notable scientific observations.In his early career, he served aboard HMS York . Later, he served… … Wikipedia
physical science, principles of — Introduction the procedures and concepts employed by those who study the inorganic world. physical science, like all the natural sciences, is concerned with describing and relating to one another those experiences of the surrounding… … Universalium
Schiehallion experiment — Schiehallion s isolated position and symmetrical shape lent well to the experiment The Schiehallion experiment was an 18th century experiment to determine the mean density of the Earth. Funded by a grant from the … Wikipedia
earthquake — /errth kwayk /, n. 1. a series of vibrations induced in the earth s crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating. 2. something that is severely disruptive; upheaval. [1300 50; ME erthequake … Universalium
Systematic error — Systematic errors are biases in measurement which lead to the situation where the mean of many separate measurements differs significantly from the actual value of the measured attribute. All measurements are prone to systematic errors, often of… … Wikipedia
Edward Sabine — Infobox Scientist name = PAGENAME box width = image size =150px caption = PAGENAME birth date = October 14, 1788 birth place = Dublin death date = May 26, 1883 death place = East Sheen residence = citizenship = nationality = Irish ethnicity =… … Wikipedia
Metre — This article is about the unit of length. For other uses of metre or meter , see meter (disambiguation). 1 metre = SI units 100 cm 1000 mm US customary / Imperial units 3.2808 ft 39.370 in The metre (or meter), symbol m, is… … Wikipedia
